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Lachesis (genus)
''Lachesis /'lækəsɪs/ should not be confused with the 158th Infantry Regiment (United States), also known as the Bushmasters.''
:''Common names: bushmasters.〔Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. 2 volumes. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. ISBN 0-8014-4141-2.〕''
''Lachesis'' is a genus of venomous pit vipers found in forested areas of Central and South America. The generic name refers to one of the Three Fates in Greek mythology who determined the length of the thread of life.〔〔Beolens B, Watkins M, Grayson M. 2011. ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (''Lachesis'', p. 149).〕 Three species are currently recognized.
==Description==
Adults vary in length from , although some may grow to as much as . The largest known specimen was just under , making it the longest venomous snake in the Western Hemisphere. Bushmasters are the longest type of viper in the world. ''L. muta'' is possibly the largest of the three species currently recognized, although more scant information suggest ''L. stenophrys'' broadly overlaps in size and may average at a similar size, while ''L. melanocephala'' is slightly smaller than the other two species.〔Boyer, D. M., Mitchell, L. A., & Murphy, J. B. (1989). ''Reproduction and husbandry of the bushmaster Lachesis m. muta at the Dallas Zoo''. International Zoo Yearbook, 28(1), 190-194.〕〔Corrales, G., Meidinger, R., Chacon, D., & Gomez, A. (2014). ''Reproduction in captivity of the Central American bushmaster (Lachesis stenophrys, Serpentes: Viperidae), in Costa Rica''. Cuadernos de Herpetología, 28(2).〕〔Ripa, D. (2001). ''The Bushmasters (Genus Lachesis Daudin 1803); Morphology, Evolution and Behavior''. Wilmington, NC: Ecologica.〕 Although they are not the heaviest vipers, being surpassed in mass by the gaboon viper and the Eastern diamondback rattlesnake, large adults still can weigh up to .〔Zamudio, K. R., & Greene, H. W. (1997). ''Phylogeography of the bushmaster (Lachesis muta: Viperidae): implications for neotropical biogeography, systematics, and conservation''. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 62(3), 421-442.〕 Bushmasters are sexually dimorphic in size, with males reaching larger sizes than females.〔Boos, H. E. (2001). ''The snakes of Trinidad and Tobago (No. 31)''. Texas A&M University Press.〕 The bushmaster's tail ends with a horny spine which it sometimes vibrates when disturbed in a manner similar to rattlesnakes. This led to some calling it 'the mute rattlesnake'.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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